A hindcast simulation of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice variability, 1955-2001

A hindcast simulation of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice variability during 1955-2001 has been performed with a global, coarse resolution ice-ocean model driven by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis daily surface air temperatures and winds. Both the mean state and variability of the ice packs over the satellite observing period are reasonably well reproduced by the model. Over the 47-year period, the simulated ice area (defined as the total ice-covered oceanic area) in each hemisphere experiences large decadal variability together with a decreasing trend of ∼1% per decade. In the Southern Hemisphere, this trend is mostly caused by an abrupt retreat of the ice cover during the second half of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s. The modelled ice volume also exhibits pronounced decadal variability, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. Besides these fluctuations, we detected a downward trend in Arctic ice volume of 1.8% per decade and an upward trend in Antarctic ice volume of 1.5% per decade. However, caution must be exercised when interpreting these trends because of the shortness of the simulation and the strong decadal variations. Furthermore, sensitivity experiments have revealed that the trend in Antarctic ice volume is model-dependent

Estudio de las Fluctuaciones de Presión Superficial Generadas por Ondas y Turbulencia en la Capa Límite Atmosférica Nocturna durante la Campaña SABLES2006

[EN]Small-scale, short-period surface pressure fluctuations are perhaps one of the less studied features in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). These perturbations can be produced by fast turbulent motions and also by the propagation of internal-gravity waves generated close to the ground when stability is present. In this work nocturnal data from SABLES2006 field campaign is analyzed in order to characterize the wave-like structures detected during the most stable periods of the campaign by means of a wavelet analysis. In addition, we will relate the spectral characteristics of surface pressure fluctuations to the turbulent and stability parameters measured from tower data.[ES]Las fluctuaciones de presión de período corto o pequeña escala son, quizá, de los aspectos menos estudiados en la capa límite atmosférica (ABL). Estas perturbaciones se producen por rápidos movimientos turbulentos y por la propagación de ondas internas generadas cerca del suelo en presencia de estabilidad. En este trabajo se han analizado datos nocturnos obtenidos en la campaña de campo SABLES2006, con objeto de caracterizar, por medio de un análisis de tranformada wavelet, los eventos detectados con estructuras ondulatorias durante los períodos de mayor estabilidad de la campaña. También se relacionarán las características espectrales de las fluctuaciones de la presión en superficie con los parámetros turbulentos y de estabilidad obtenidos de los datos de una torre meteorológica.This research has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (projects CGL2004-03109 and CGL2006-C03-03). IV PRICIT program (supported by CM and UCM) has also partially financed this work through the Research Group “Micrometeorology and Climate Variability” (nº 910437)

Influence of family therapy for promoting adolescent disengagement process: An adolescent with Asperger syndrome case-study

En este artículo se examinan algunos de los beneficios de la psicoterapia familiar desde una perspectiva sistémica para favorecer el proceso de desvinculación adolescente a través de un estudio de caso, según la tipología establecida por Montero y León (2007). Concretamente, se analiza el caso clínico de un adolescente varón de 16 años a quien se diagnostica síndrome de Asperger y el papel estructural de dicha patología en el mantenimiento de la estructura familiar que dificulta la desvinculación de la familia de origen. Todos los miembros de la familia nuclear participan en el Programa de Terapia Familiar de la Unidad de Salud Mental Infanto-Juvenil del Hospital Macarena durante 10 sesiones de intervención desde un modelo estratégico y estructural. Se detallan las claves principales de intervención llevadas a cabo y se discuten los resultados obtenidos tras el proceso en relación a la desvinculación adolescente de la familia de origen.This article examines several benefits of family therapy for promoting adolescent disengagement process from a systemic perspective throughout a case-study analysis (Montero y León, 2007). Specifically, a male 16-year-old case study with Asperger syndrome is analysed, examining the structural role of this psychopathology for undermining the adolescent disengagement process. Every nuclear family members receive 10-sessions intervention from the Family Therapy Program of the Macarena Hospital in Seville (Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service), from a strategic and structural perspective. Main intervention strategies are detailed and most relevant results for the adolescent disengagement process are discussed

Water surface height determination with a GPS wave glider: a demonstration in Loch Ness, Scotland

A geodetic GPS receiver has been installed on a Wave Glider, an unmanned water surface vehicle. Using kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) GPS, which operates globally without directly requiring reference stations, surface heights are measured with ~0.05-m precision. The GPS Wave Glider was tested in Loch Ness, Scotland, by measuring the gradient of the loch’s surface height. The experiment took place under mild weather, with virtually no wind setup along the loch and a wave field made mostly of ripples and wavelets. Under these conditions, the loch’s surface height gradient should be approximately equal to the geoid slope. The PPP surface height gradient and that of the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 geoid heights do indeed agree on average along the loch (0.03 m km−1). Also detected are 1) ~0.05-m-sized height changes due to daily water pumping for hydroelectricity generation and 2) high-frequency (0.25–0.5 Hz) oscillations caused by surface waves. The PPP heights compare favorably (~0.02-m standard deviation) with relative carrier phase–based GPS processing. This suggests that GPS Wave Gliders have the potential to autonomously determine centimeter-precise water surface heights globally for lake modeling, and also for applications such as ocean modeling and geoid/mean dynamic topography determination, at least for benign surface states such as those encountered during the reported experiment

Topographical control of the source‐sink and wind stress‐driven planetary geostrophic circulation in a polar basin

The effects of topography on the barotropic circulation in a polar basin are examined analytically and numerically. New approximate linear analytical solutions are presented for steady‐state wind and boundary forced barotropic planetary geostrophic circulation in a circular polar basin with a step shelf. The solutions are obtained by retaining the full spherical geometry in the derivation of the forced potential vorticity equation; thereafter the colatitude is fixed in the coefficients of this governing equation. The accuracy of the analytical solutions is evaluated by comparing them with the equivalent numerical solutions obtained using the NEMO modeling system. Subsequently, the impact of a nonuniform width shelf on source‐sink‐driven circulation is investigated numerically. The equipartition of fluid entering the source strait into cyclonic and anticyclonic shelf currents, exiting the basin at the sink strait, in a basin with a uniform width shelf is shown to be modified when the shelf width varies. In general, the wider shelf supports a current with larger transport, irrespective of the azimuthal extent of the wider shelf. The study concludes with a numerical investigation of wind‐driven circulation in a basin with a step shelf, three straits, and a transpolar ridge, a prototype Arctic Ocean simulation. Topographic steering by the ridge supports a transpolar drift current, the magnitude of which depends on the ridge height. Without the ridge, the transpolar drift current is absent and the circulation is confined to gyres on the shelf and in the deep basin

Geothermal heating in the Panama Basin. Part II: abyssal water mass transformation

Diabatic upwelling of abyssal waters is investigated in the Panama Basin employing the water mass transformation framework of Walin [1982]. We find that, in large areas of the basin, the bottom boundary layer is very weakly stratified and extends hundreds of meters above the sea floor. Within the weakly stratified bottom boundary layer (wsBBL) neutral density layers intercept the bottom of the basin. The area of these density layer incrops increases gradually as the abyssal waters become lighter. Large incrop areas are associated with strong diabatic upwelling of abyssal water, geothermal heating being the largest buoyancy source. While a significant amount of water mass transformation is due to extreme turbulence downstream of the Ecuador Trench, the only abyssal water inflow passage, water mass transformation across the upper boundary of abyssal water layer is accomplished almost entirely by geothermal heating

Paleocatálogo 3D: Photogrammetry for the realization of a high quality, accessible and free 3D Virtual Catalog

[EN] To develop quality tools for dissemination and outreach today is no longer a problem. The access to archaeological collections, to have at our disposal a repertoire of portable art, tools, etc. of European Prehistory, neither will be. In these lines we will see the project in which we combine technology, information and accessibility to that information, as a tool for the study and dissemination of prehistory for all educational levels.[ES] Desarrollar herramientas de calidad para la difusión y divulgación hoy en día ya no es un problema. Acceder a colecciones arqueológicas, tener a nuestra disposición todo un repertorio de arte mueble, herramientas, etc. de la Prehistoria europea, tampoco lo va a ser. En estas líneas explicaremos el proyecto en el que combinamos tecnología, información y accesibilidad a dichas referencias como herramienta de estudio y divulgación de la prehistoria para todos los ámbitos educativos.Maqueda García-Morales, R.; Luque Cortina, M. (2015). Paleocatálogo 3D: Fotogrametría para la realización de un Catálogo Virtual en 3D de alta calidad, accesible y gratuito. Virtual Archaeology Review. 6(13):35-40. doi:10.4995/var.2015.4369SWORD3540613FORTE, M., DIAZ, L. (Eds) (2008): "Digital Matter and intangible heritage", International Journal of Digital Culture and Electronic Tourism, Vol. 1, nºs 2/3, pp. 113-265.FRASER, B. y WALBERG, H. (1991): Educational environments. Evaluation, antecedents and consequences. Oxford: Pergamon.GARDNER, Howard (1995): Inteligencias múltiples. La teoría en la práctica. Barcelona: Paidós.McGILLY, K. (1996). "Cognitive Science and Educational Practice: An introduction", en: McGilly, Kate (editora), Classroom Lessons. Integrating Cognitive Theory and Classroom Practice, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.PÉREZ GARCÍA, J., MOZAS CALVACHE, A., CARDENAL ESCARCENA, F. Y LÓPEZ ARENAS, RASCÓN, S. YSÁNCHEZ MONTES, A. L. (2008): "Las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas a la didáctica del patrimonio", Pulso, nº 31, pp. 67-92.TORRES, J.C., P. CANO, J. MELERO, M. ESPAÑA Y J. MORENO (2010): "Aplicaciones de la digitalización 3D del patrimonio", Virtual Archaeology Review, nº 1-1, pp. 51-54

Geothermal heating in the Panama Basin. Part I: hydrography of the basin

The Panama Basin serves as a laboratory to investigate abyssal water upwelling. The basin has only a single abyssal water inflow pathway through the narrow Ecuador Trench. The estimated critical inflow through the Trench reaches 0.34 ± 0.07 m s−1, resulting in an abyssal water volume inflow of 0.29 ± 0.07 Sv. The same trench carries the return flow of basin waters that starts just 200 m above the bottom and is approximately 400 m deeper than the depth of the next possible deep water exchange pathway at the Carnegie Ridge Saddle. The curvature of temperature‐salinity diagrams is used to differentiate the effect of geothermal heating on the deep Panama Basin waters that was found to reach as high as 2200 m depth, which is about 500 m above the upper boundary of the abyssal water layer

Role of Anions in 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Solvation in Ionic Liquids from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The proper selection of solvents for biomass upgrading is a crucial task as it should carefully balance the enhancement of reactivity with a facile product recovery. A challenging case is the conversion of glucose and fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Ionic liquids (ILs) are often employed to boost the activity and selectivity of this process, although the isolation of HMF from the medium remains a major drawback. To investigate such solvent effects in a realistic (dynamic) environment, classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of HMF are performed in imidazolium-based ILs with different anions. Several parameters are identified that directly control HMF–anion interactions, which may hamper product separation, as well as HMF–HMF contacts, which can promote undesired side-reactions. These computational results would guide future high-throughput screenings of new and improved IL mediaThis work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (under projects MAT2017-89239-C2-1-P and PID2020-119116RA-I00) and by the Xunta de Galicia (ED431D 2017/06, ED431E 2018/08, GRC ED431C 2016/001, and GRC ED431C 2020/10). All these projects were partially supported by FEDER. H.M.C. thanks the USC for his “Convocatoria de Recualificación do Sistema Universitario Español-Margarita Salas” postdoctoral grant under the “Plan de Recuperación Transformación” program funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities with European Union's NextGenerationEU funds. T.M.M. acknowledges her contract funded by the pilot program of the USC for the recruitment of distinguished research personnel—call 2021 under the agreement between the USC and the Santander Bank for 2021–2024. M.A.O. acknowledges the Xunta Distinguished Researcher program (ED431H 2020/21), the Xunta de Galicia (Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019–2022, ED431G 2019/03), and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund – ERDF) for funding. He also acknowledges CESGA (“Centro de Supercomputación de Galicia”) for providing computational resourcesS